Care-label rules for exporters
ISO 3758 symbol order, ASTM versus EN practice, and why a paper hangtag is not a permanent care label.
Functional fills and claims: IR, PCM, heat-of-wetting, antimicrobial
Moisture-heating fibres, far-infrared ceramics, phase-change and graphene marketing — what a warmth claim must measure, and what OEKO-TEX still has to cover.
How to read a garment-accessories quote
FOB is not landed cost. Tooling, dye lots, packing, testing and MOQ are where a cheap button becomes an expensive program.
Where China makes garment hardware
Qiaotou and Yongjia for buttons, Guangdong for denim and bag metal, Yiwu for mixed small lots — how to place a hardware programme.
Fill power and warmth: cuin, centimetres and clo
How down fill power is measured (GB/T 10288, IDFB), what 600–800 cuin means in centimetres, and why fill weight still has to match the climate.
Dyeing linings and colour fastness
Disperse dyes on polyester taffeta, acid dyes on acetate and nylon, grey scales and the tests that stop a lining from staining a shirt.