
DTG versus heat transfer
Direct-to-garment ink versus film transfers — cotton hand, polyester sublimation, volume break-even and where DTF sits.

Heat-transfer prints on apparel
Offset (CMYK) transfers, foil, flock and puff — low-temperature films versus dye-sublimation, and hot-peel versus cold-peel.

Waterproof-breathable membranes
PTFE, PU and TPU laminates — functional accessory materials, not sew-on trims, and how 2L / 3L constructions differ.

Retroreflective trims
Glass-bead retroreflection versus shiny fabric — tapes, transfers and prints that return light to the source.

Heat-transfer and printed badges
Silicone badges, screen-printed marks and heat-transfer labels — three ways to put a logo on without a woven ticket.

RFID and NFC in the garment
Sew-in laundry chips versus hangtag inlays — UHF for the DC, NFC for the phone, and how wash kills the wrong construction.
